Indigo Jones and the Classical Language of Architecture

Inigo Jones and the Classical Language of Architecture Classical architecture elements can be traced from early Greek and Roman styles. Classici refer to the highest rank of Roman social structure. Classical norms are based on a formal hierarchal system of clarity, symmetry, deceptive simplicity, harmonious proportion and completeness. (Curl, 12) There is a difference seen between the inside and the outside of a building. Classical architecture develops every part individually as these parts become a larger whole. Orders, or columns, play an important role in the development of classical architecture. The parts of the order include a pedestal, but not always, a column and some type of horizontal element above the column.†¦show more content†¦The outside gives the appearance of a multi-story building. Two cherubs support a large shield in the pediment which was intended to contain a coat of arms. (Anderson 157) Ionic and engaged Corinthian orders are used. The orders on the exterior side walls combine flat and rounded columns with a pair of coupled pilasters at the end of each facade. Exterior street faà §ade show the classical element of symmetry matching left to right and right to left. One can view the differences from top to bottom and bottom to top. Lower window tops alternate rounded and pointed where upper windows are all flat topped. Each window and order section is a separate design but is also part of the complete building. The interior of the Banqueting House is not multi-storied but a single double cube room. The space has Ionic orders under and Corinthian orders over a cantilevered gallery. (Summerson 53) The flat ceiling is covered with Ruben panels. The Banqueting House is still in use today for concerts, government function and private parties. Inigo Jones was picked to design a new Chapel at St. James Palace. The Queen’s Chapel is a double cube hall with a coffered ceiling that has an adjoining Queen’s Closet. There is a triple window rising behind the altar. The center rounded window rises higher than the two flanking windows and is topped with carved angels and falling garlands. The Queen’s Closet is a gallery separated from the chapel by Corinthian pilasters andShow MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesdepot. As an old Etonian (the UK’s most elitist private school), a graduate of Oxford University and a former merchant banker, Palumbo was an unlikely entrant into a dance culture that was still raw and far from respectable. He actually preferred classical music. The club’s name, the Ministry of Sound, ironically recalled Palumbo’s father, a former Minister in the Conservative government of the day. Yet within just 10 years, Palumbo built the Ministry of Sound into a music and media empire worth nearly

The Woman in the Dunes Essay Example For Students

The Woman in the Dunes Essay How is the symbol of food used to bring about character development in the novels Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka and The Woman in the Dunes by Kobo Abe? In both Metamorphosis and The Woman in the Dunes, food is used in various ways. It is used as a symbol to bring out the different stages of the character, to set the character within the hierarchical structure of the novel, to develop the main characters relationship with the nourisher and to show how the protagonist reaches realizations. Through all these ways, food is used as a focus to bring about character development. This is evident in many examples found in both novels. Food is used as a symbol to show how the character develops through the novel. At the beginnings of both books, the main characters, Gregor Samsa and Nikki Jumpei change their eating habits, a change which has a dual purpose. Firstly, it underscores the fact that they go through major adjustments, and secondly, their choice in food is used to symbolize their state in life. In Metamorphosis, Gregors choice in food is described as half- decayed vegetables a piece of cheese that Gregor would have called uneatable two days ago (Chapter 2). As he transforms from a human to a cockroach, he transits from enjoying his favorite human food to eating rotting food. The diction used, decomposed, shows us that as Gregors choice in food changes, his new choice is symbolic of his state in life. Hes considered repulsive to his family, which then quickly rejects him. Thus, Gregors choice in food symbolizes his current state in life. The same use of food can be seen in The Woman in the Dunes. While in the sand dune, Nikki adapts more and more to the coastal diet; his preferences change with time until he can only eat skewers of fish and other seafood. At this point, Jumpei realizes that he is only a fish in the sea and just another human in the world. As he begins to question the meaning of his existence, it dawns on him that as a teacher, he had not really had an impact, but rather that students have passed in and out of his class, with him simply observing. Therefore, the food that both Gregor and Nikki eat represents them. The authors use the above mentioned examples to show the reader that Gregor and Nikki led meaningless, mundane lives, equivalent to those of decayed material and of a fish, respectively. The main characters development through the hierarchical structure within the setting is also evident through food, in the form of meals, in both books. In Metamorphosis, Gregors mealtimes represent his new role within his family: he becomes of less importance and drops to the bottom of the hierarchical structure within his family. The rest of the family is fed before him, and he is fed twice a day, when they are asleep, as if it were an illicit activity. As the novel progresses, his familys negligence towards him increases. He is subsequently completely excluded from the family. Furthermore, that which is associated with the left over from the meals: the waste materials and the garbage can are discarded into his room, and so Gregor is equated to them. This too represents the stage of Gregors life. It also foreshadows his deterioration and imminent death. In contrast to Gregor, Nikki Jumpei is considered of more importance than the woman, and is fed before her, while she stands holding an umbrella for him. It is evident from his surprise while she does this that he is not used to being treated like this, and that he has risen in the hierarchical structure of The Woman in the Dunes. Evidently, in one novel, the protagonist moves down in the hierarchical structure, while in the other, the protagonist rises. Both authors use mealtimes to bring out these changes. The reader can see that in the two books, though they experience opposite hierarchical changes, it is meal times that are used to express these changes, which further develop the characters. .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed , .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed .postImageUrl , .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed , .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed:hover , .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed:visited , .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed:active { border:0!important; } .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed:active , .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf066be51086c75144a9254c69aec4fed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The American Dream EssayIn addition to the different stages of life and hierarchy, in both novels the woman, who is the provider of food and nourishment, also plays an important role in character development. In Metamorphosis, Gregors sister notices that some milk has spilt around the edge of his feeding bowl and carries it away with a cloth. In this example, the spilt milk is a foreshadowing of the ceasing of nourishment. Furthermore, that Grete would rather not touch the bowl with her bare hands is symbolic of how the brother and sister grow apart and how Gregor soon disgusts his sister. In Nikki Jumpeis case, it is the woman in the dunes who nourishes him with food. At moments of setbacks, to comfort him, the woman suggests cooking dinner, which suggests that this is the way they overcome problems. It is the woman who supports him, in not only providing him with food, but being his support and taking care of him. A similarity in both books is that these women are the only ones who care for and nourish Gregor and Nikki to finally see the truth. Thus, the author uses the role of the nourisher in these examples to develop the protagonists and their relationships with other characters. Food also plays a significant role in showing the change of the main character over the course of the novel. In Metamorphosis, an apple injury by his father causes him much suffering and deterioration of his health. Then it is during his familys mealtime that he barricades himself into his room and starves himself to death. A similar scenario takes place in The Woman in the Dunes. When he is denied food and water, he exclaims, What in Gods name do they think theyre doing? Do they want to kill me? (Chapter 18). It is after his captors deny him food and water that he begins to give in to them, and in desperation, he begins to lose hope. In both novels, though food sustains Gregor and Nikki throughout the plot, it can also bring about desperation. The denial of food makes Nikki finally succumb to the villagers demands, whereas Gregors death is because of starvation, refusal of food, and a food-related injury: major turning points for both characters. The final role that food plays is in helping the protagonists achieve realizations. The following excerpt from Metamorphosis shows the reader this: The rotting apple in his back and the inflamed path around it hardly troubled him. (Chapter 3) Here, the apple represents Gregor. Normally, apples are nourishing, similar to Gregors role as the provider for his family. The diction rotting used to describe the apple shows the reader that like the apple is rotting and useless, his family sees him as rotting to his death. That this hardly troubled him is evidence of his realization: he has come to terms with his inconsequential role in his family, and his meaningless existence. Furthermore, as the apple in his back led to his death, it is his realization that allows him to pass away. On the other hand, Nikki Jumpei regains some hope and builds a contraption to help him escape, but when he ends up collecting fresh water, his plans change. In this instance, Nikki starts off by trying to lure a n animal into his trap, similar to how the villagers tried to trap him. However, his contraption results firstly in the decay of a fish, which symbolizes the end of his meaningless life, and secondly, the surprising collection of pure water, which symbolizes his unforeseen realization in the end. In Metamorphosis, as well as The Woman in the Dunes, food is used to show how the protagonists make realizations regarding their lives and make decisions based on these. .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547 , .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547 .postImageUrl , .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547 , .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547:hover , .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547:visited , .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547:active { border:0!important; } .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547:active , .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547 .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u514d91420750a2e4cb1a03981664f547:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Joyce and John Cheever were two influential writers of the late 1800's and early 1900's EssayThroughout both novels, Franz Kafka and Kobo Abe effectively use the symbol of food to develop the main character in various ways: by showing different stages of the character, setting the character within the hierarchical structure of the novel, developing the protagonists relationship with the nourisher, and showing the deterioration and final realizations of the character. However, Gregor and Nikkis realizations have different outcomes. Kafka uses food as a means for the protagonist to achieve his realization of his meaningless existence, which leads to his death. On the other h and, Kobo Abe uses food to lead to the characters finding meaning in his discovery and his re-birth. Though there are some similarities and some differences in the way the theme of food has been used, the effect is the same: developing a strong character.